{"id":18964,"date":"2025-03-21T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistaliterariaelgatonegro.com\/?p=18964"},"modified":"2025-03-18T02:30:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T02:30:16","slug":"octavio-paz-y-elizabeth-bishop-un-poema-traidor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistaliterariaelgatonegro.com\/?p=18964","title":{"rendered":"Octavio Paz y Elizabeth Bishop: un poema traidor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size\"><strong>Luis Alberto L\u00f3pez Soto<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Es un lugar com\u00fan que, como pr\u00e1ctica po\u00e9tica, una traducci\u00f3n es m\u00e1s bien una versi\u00f3n, una forma virtuosa de la traici\u00f3n. Traducir un poema, se dice, es escribir otro. Que se traducen las palabras, mas no el tono. Es un lugar com\u00fan, s\u00ed, pero es un lugar com\u00fan cierto. En alg\u00fan punto de la transici\u00f3n idiom\u00e1tica, el lenguaje admite inflexiones que enriquecen y disparan las potencialidades del poema. El fen\u00f3meno como tal es curioso y hasta necesario. La traducci\u00f3n nos brinda el efecto de un significante articulado entre la familiaridad y la sorpresa. No hay virtud en que un poema traducido sea una voz propia, sino en que, sin dejar de ser esto, comporte el eco de otro poema al que tal vez, por motivos ling\u00fc\u00edsticos o socioculturales, jam\u00e1s conozcamos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poeta y poeta-traductor, gran ejemplo de la tentativa moderna por trazar puentes entre distintas tradiciones literarias, Ezra Pound (1885-1972) estuvo recluido por m\u00e1s de diez a\u00f1os en el hospital psiqui\u00e1trico St. Elizabeths, Washington D.C. Su \u201clocura\u201d (no estaba m\u00e9dicamente loco) fue apoyar con vehemencia a Benito Mussolini, el fascismo y el antisemitismo. Demencia fue, sin embargo, el argumento para que no fuera encarcelado o condenado a muerte. Por esto y por su extraordinaria obra, el caso de Pound no tiene parang\u00f3n en la literatura del siglo XX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quiero compartir, no un poema de Ezra Pound, sino uno de la poeta norteamericana Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979) surgido precisamente a prop\u00f3sito de las visitas que esta realizaba a su compatriota durante su estancia en el manicomio:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Visits to St. Elizabeths<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is the man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is the time<br>of the tragic man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is a wristwatch<br>telling the time<br>of the talkative man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is a sailor<br>wearing the watch<br>that tells the time<br>of the honored man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is the roadstead all of board<br>reached by the sailor<br>wearing the watch<br>that tells the time<br>of the old, brave man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>These are the years and the walls of the ward,<br>the winds and clouds of the sea of board<br>sailed by the sailor<br>wearing the watch<br>that tells the time<br>of the cranky man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is a Jew in a newspaper hat<br>that dances weeping down the ward<br>over the creaking sea of board<br>beyond the sailor<br>winding his watch<br>that tells the time<br>of the cruel man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is a world of books gone flat.<br>This is a Jew in a newspaper hat<br>that dances weeping down the ward<br>over the creaking sea of board<br>of the batty sailor<br>that winds his watch<br>that tells the time<br>of the busy man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is a boy that pats the floor<br>to see if the world is there, is flat,<br>for the widowed Jew in the newspaper hat<br>that dances weeping down the ward<br>waltzing the length of a weaving board<br>by the silent sailor<br>that hears his watch<br>that ticks the time<br>of the tedious man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>These are the years and the walls and the door<br>that shut on a boy that pats the floor<br>to feel if the world is there and flat.<br>This is a Jew in a newspaper hat<br>that dances joyfully down the ward<br>into the parting seas of board<br>past the staring sailor<br>that shakes his watch<br>that tells the time<br>of the poet, the man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam.<br><br>This is the soldier home from the war.<br>These are the years and the walls and the door<br>that shut on a boy that pats the floor<br>to see if the world is round or flat.<br>This is a Jew in a newspaper hat<br>that dances carefully down the ward,<br>walking the plank of a coffin board<br>with the crazy sailor<br>that shows his watch<br>that tells the time<br>of the wretched man<br>that lies in the house of Bedlam*.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En <em>Versiones y diversioness<\/em> (1984), Octavio Paz re\u00fane todas sus traducciones, entre las que figuran textos en lengua inglesa (John Donne, William Carlos Williams), francesa (G\u00e9rard de Nerval, Andr\u00e9 Breton, Paul Eluard), portuguesa (Fernando Pessoa), sueca, china y japonesa. Paz tradujo, por supuesto, poemas de Ezra Pound (Canto CXVI) y tres textos de Elizabeth Bishop incluyendo el poema anteriormente citado:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Visitas a St. Elizabeths<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esta es la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es el hombre<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es el tiempo<br>del hombre tr\u00e1gico<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es el reloj-pulsera<br>que da la hora<br>del hombre locuaz<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es el marinero<br>que usa el reloj<br>que da la hora<br>del hombre tan celebrado<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Esta es la rada hecha de tablas<br>adonde llega el marinero<br>que usa el reloj<br>que da la hora<br>del viejo valeroso<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Estos son los a\u00f1os y los muros del dormitorio,<br>el viento y las nubes del mar de tablas<br>navegado por el marinero<br>que usa el reloj<br>que da la hora<br>del maniaco<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es un jud\u00edo con un gorro de papel peri\u00f3dico<br>que baila llorando por el dormitorio<br>sobre el mar de tablas rechinantes<br>m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del marinero<br>que da cuerda al reloj<br>que da la hora<br>del hombre cruel<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es un universo de libros desinflados.<br>\u00c9ste es un jud\u00edo con un gorro de papel peri\u00f3dico<br>que baila llorando por el dormitorio<br>sobre el rechinante mar de tablas<br>del marinero ido<br>que da cuerda al reloj<br>que da la hora<br>del hombre atareado<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es un muchacho que golpetea el piso<br>por ver si el mundo est\u00e1 all\u00ed y si es plano<br>para el viudo jud\u00edo con un gorro de papel peri\u00f3dico<br>que baila llorando por el dormitorio<br>valsando sobre una tabla ondulada<br>cerca del marinero mudo<br>que oye el reloj<br>que punt\u00faa las horas<br>del hombre fastidioso<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>\u00c9stos son los a\u00f1os y los muros y la puerta<br>que se cierra sobre un muchacho que golpetea el piso<br>para saber si el mundo est\u00e1 all\u00ed y si es plano.<br>\u00c9ste es un jud\u00edo con un gorro de papel peri\u00f3dico<br>que baila alegremente por el dormitorio<br>en los mares de tablas que se van<br>m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del marinero de los ojos en blanco<br>que sacude el reloj<br>que da la hora<br>del poeta, el hombre<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos.<br><br>Este es el soldado que vuelve de la guerra.<br>Estos son los a\u00f1os y los muros y la puerta<br>que se cierra sobre un muchacho que golpetea el piso<br>para saber si el mundo es plano o redondo.<br>Este es un jud\u00edo con un gorro de papel peri\u00f3dico<br>que baila con cuidado por el dormitorio<br>caminando sobre la tabla de un ata\u00fad<br>con el marinero chiflado<br>que muestra el reloj<br>que da la hora<br>del desdichado<br>que est\u00e1 en la casa de los locos**.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hay un ritmo, una evidente regularidad (m\u00e9trica y de im\u00e1genes) atravesando los dos poemas que parecer\u00edan retar a la idea de que un poema traducido es una versi\u00f3n traicionera del original. En este caso, uno no es m\u00e1s que el espejo del otro. La consecuci\u00f3n de sentencias, los compases equivalentes en las dos lenguas, el entrelazamiento de las sintaxis espa\u00f1ola e inglesa, evocan a la vez que modelan el estado de cosas (objetos, tensiones, afectos, situaciones) en el hospital que recluye al poeta-traductor y traidor a la patria, ensimismado en la plena sonoridad del lenguaje. Un gran homenaje en dos poemas \u2013o uno solo donde la voz y el eco se confunden.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*Bishop, Elizabeth. <em>The Complete Poems 1927-1979<\/em>. New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux, 1979.<br><br>**Paz, Octavio. <em>Versiones y diversiones<\/em>. 2da. edici\u00f3n. M\u00e9xico D.F.: Joaqu\u00edn Mortiz, 1984. 93-96.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Luis Alberto L\u00f3pez Soto <\/strong>es licenciado en literaturas hisp\u00e1nicas, maestro en literatura hispanoamericana y doctor en humanidades. Actualmente es profesor-investigador del Depto. de Letras y Ling\u00fc\u00edstica de la Universidad de Sonora, M\u00e9xico.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Luis Alberto L\u00f3pez Soto Es un lugar com\u00fan que, como pr\u00e1ctica po\u00e9tica, una traducci\u00f3n es m\u00e1s bien una<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19114,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mas","category-poesias-y-poetas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Octavio Paz y Elizabeth Bishop: un poema traidor - REVISTA CULTURAL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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